1 /* GLIB - Library of useful routines for C programming
2 * Copyright (C) 1995-1997 Peter Mattis, Spencer Kimball and Josh MacDonald
4 * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
6 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
8 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
9 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
14 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
17 * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 /* Originally developed and coded by Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji
21 * Nishimura. Please mail <matumoto@math.keio.ac.jp>, if you're using
22 * code from this file in your own programs or libraries.
23 * Further information on the Mersenne Twister can be found at
24 * http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/emt.html
25 * This code was adapted to glib by Sebastian Wilhelmi.
29 * Modified by the GLib Team and others 1997-2000. See the AUTHORS
30 * file for a list of people on the GLib Team. See the ChangeLog
31 * files for a list of changes. These files are distributed with
32 * GLib at ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/.
39 #include <sys/types.h>
43 #if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
44 #include <process.h> // for getpid()
53 * The GdRand struct is an opaque data structure. It should only be
54 * accessed through the gd_rand_* functions.
60 #define MATRIX_A 0x9908b0df // constant vector a
61 #define UPPER_MASK 0x80000000 // most significant w-r bits
62 #define LOWER_MASK 0x7fffffff // least significant r bits
64 // Tempering parameters
65 #define TEMPERING_MASK_B 0x9d2c5680
66 #define TEMPERING_MASK_C 0xefc60000
67 #define TEMPERING_SHIFT_U(y) (y >> 11)
68 #define TEMPERING_SHIFT_S(y) (y << 7)
69 #define TEMPERING_SHIFT_T(y) (y << 15)
70 #define TEMPERING_SHIFT_L(y) (y >> 18)
74 unsigned int mt[N]; // the array for the state vector
79 * gd_rand_new_with_seed: (constructor)
80 * @seed: a value to initialize the random number generator
82 * Creates a new random number generator initialized with @seed.
84 * Returns: (transfer full): the new #GdRand
87 gd_rand_new_with_seed (unsigned int seed)
89 GdRand *rand = checked_calloc(sizeof(GdRand));
90 gd_rand_set_seed (rand, seed);
95 * gd_rand_new_with_seed_array: (constructor)
96 * @seed: an array of seeds to initialize the random number generator
97 * @seed_length: an array of seeds to initialize the random number
100 * Creates a new random number generator initialized with @seed.
102 * Returns: (transfer full): the new #GdRand
107 gd_rand_new_with_seed_array (const unsigned int *seed, unsigned int seed_length)
109 GdRand *rand = checked_calloc(sizeof(GdRand));
110 gd_rand_set_seed_array (rand, seed, seed_length);
116 * gd_rand_new: (constructor)
118 * Creates a new random number generator initialized with a seed taken
119 * either from `/dev/urandom` (if existing) or from the current time
122 * On Windows, the seed is taken from rand_s().
124 * Returns: (transfer full): the new #GdRand
129 unsigned int seed[4];
131 #if defined(PLATFORM_UNIX)
132 static boolean dev_urandom_exists = TRUE;
134 if (dev_urandom_exists)
140 dev_urandom = fopen ("/dev/urandom", "rbe");
142 while (dev_urandom == NULL && errno == EINTR);
148 setvbuf (dev_urandom, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
153 r = fread (seed, sizeof (seed), 1, dev_urandom);
155 while (errno == EINTR);
158 dev_urandom_exists = FALSE;
160 fclose (dev_urandom);
164 dev_urandom_exists = FALSE;
168 if (!dev_urandom_exists)
172 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &now);
174 seed[0] = now.tv_sec;
175 seed[1] = now.tv_nsec;
177 seed[3] = getppid ();
179 #else // PLATFORM_WINDOWS
180 /* rand_s() is only available since Visual Studio 2005 and
181 * MinGW-w64 has a wrapper that will emulate rand_s() if it's not in msvcrt
183 #if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400) || defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
186 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(seed); i++)
189 #warning Using insecure seed for random number generation because of missing rand_s() in Windows XP
192 gd_get_current_time (&now);
194 seed[0] = now.tv_sec;
195 seed[1] = now.tv_usec;
202 return gd_rand_new_with_seed_array (seed, 4);
209 * Frees the memory allocated for the #GdRand.
212 gd_rand_free (GdRand *rand)
222 * Copies a #GdRand into a new one with the same exact state as before.
223 * This way you can take a snapshot of the random number generator for
226 * Returns: (transfer full): the new #GdRand
231 gd_rand_copy (GdRand *rand)
238 new_rand = checked_calloc(sizeof(GdRand));
239 memcpy(new_rand, rand, sizeof(GdRand));
247 * @seed: a value to reinitialize the random number generator
249 * Sets the seed for the random number generator #GdRand to @seed.
252 gd_rand_set_seed (GdRand *rand, unsigned int seed)
257 // See Knuth TAOCP Vol2. 3rd Ed. P.106 for multiplier.
258 // In the previous version (see above), MSBs of the
259 // seed affect only MSBs of the array mt[].
262 for (rand->mti = 1; rand->mti < N; rand->mti++)
263 rand->mt[rand->mti] = 1812433253UL *
264 (rand->mt[rand->mti - 1] ^ (rand->mt[rand->mti - 1] >> 30)) + rand->mti;
268 * gd_rand_set_seed_array:
270 * @seed: array to initialize with
271 * @seed_length: length of array
273 * Initializes the random number generator by an array of longs.
274 * Array can be of arbitrary size, though only the first 624 values
275 * are taken. This function is useful if you have many low entropy
276 * seeds, or if you require more then 32 bits of actual entropy for
282 gd_rand_set_seed_array (GdRand *rand, const unsigned int *seed, unsigned int seed_length)
284 unsigned int i, j, k;
286 if (rand == NULL || seed_length < 1)
289 gd_rand_set_seed (rand, 19650218UL);
293 k = (N > seed_length ? N : seed_length);
297 rand->mt[i] = ((rand->mt[i] ^ ((rand->mt[i - 1] ^ (rand->mt[i - 1] >> 30)) * 1664525UL))
298 + seed[j] + j); // non linear
299 rand->mt[i] &= 0xffffffffUL; // for WORDSIZE > 32 machines
305 rand->mt[0] = rand->mt[N - 1];
309 if (j >= seed_length)
313 for (k = N - 1; k; k--)
315 rand->mt[i] = ((rand->mt[i] ^ ((rand->mt[i - 1] ^ (rand->mt[i - 1] >> 30)) * 1566083941UL))
317 rand->mt[i] &= 0xffffffffUL; // for WORDSIZE > 32 machines
322 rand->mt[0] = rand->mt[N - 1];
327 rand->mt[0] = 0x80000000UL; // MSB is 1; assuring non-zero initial array
334 * Returns a random #boolean from @rand_.
335 * This corresponds to an unbiased coin toss.
337 * Returns: a random #boolean
343 * Returns the next random unsigned int from @rand_ equally distributed over
344 * the range [0..2^32-1].
346 * Returns: a random number
349 gd_rand_int (GdRand *rand)
352 static const unsigned int mag01[2] = { 0x0, MATRIX_A };
353 // mag01[x] = x * MATRIX_A for x=0,1
360 // generate N words at one time
363 for (kk = 0; kk < N - M; kk++)
365 y = (rand->mt[kk] & UPPER_MASK) | (rand->mt[kk + 1] & LOWER_MASK);
366 rand->mt[kk] = rand->mt[kk + M] ^ (y >> 1) ^ mag01[y & 0x1];
369 for (; kk < N - 1; kk++)
371 y = (rand->mt[kk] & UPPER_MASK) | (rand->mt[kk + 1] & LOWER_MASK);
372 rand->mt[kk] = rand->mt[kk + (M - N)] ^ (y >> 1) ^ mag01[y & 0x1];
375 y = (rand->mt[N - 1] & UPPER_MASK) | (rand->mt[0] & LOWER_MASK);
376 rand->mt[N - 1] = rand->mt[M - 1] ^ (y >> 1) ^ mag01[y & 0x1];
381 y = rand->mt[rand->mti++];
382 y ^= TEMPERING_SHIFT_U(y);
383 y ^= TEMPERING_SHIFT_S(y) & TEMPERING_MASK_B;
384 y ^= TEMPERING_SHIFT_T(y) & TEMPERING_MASK_C;
385 y ^= TEMPERING_SHIFT_L(y);
390 // transform [0..2^32] -> [0..1]
391 #define GD_RAND_DOUBLE_TRANSFORM 2.3283064365386962890625e-10
396 * @begin: lower closed bound of the interval
397 * @end: upper open bound of the interval
399 * Returns the next random #int from @rand_ equally distributed over
400 * the range [@begin..@end-1].
402 * Returns: a random number
405 gd_rand_int_range (GdRand *rand, int begin, int end)
407 unsigned int dist = end - begin;
408 unsigned int random = 0;
410 if (rand == NULL || end <= begin)
416 /* maxvalue is set to the predecessor of the greatest
417 * multiple of dist less or equal 2^32.
419 unsigned int maxvalue;
420 if (dist <= 0x80000000u) // 2^31
422 // maxvalue = 2^32 - 1 - (2^32 % dist)
423 unsigned int leftover = (0x80000000u % dist) * 2;
424 if (leftover >= dist) leftover -= dist;
425 maxvalue = 0xffffffffu - leftover;
433 random = gd_rand_int (rand);
434 while (random > maxvalue);
438 return begin + random;
445 * Returns the next random #double from @rand_ equally distributed over
448 * Returns: a random number
451 gd_rand_double (GdRand *rand)
453 /* We set all 52 bits after the point for this, not only the first
454 32. That's why we need two calls to gd_rand_int */
455 double retval = gd_rand_int(rand) * GD_RAND_DOUBLE_TRANSFORM;
456 retval = (retval + gd_rand_int(rand)) * GD_RAND_DOUBLE_TRANSFORM;
458 /* The following might happen due to very bad rounding luck, but
459 * actually this should be more than rare, we just try again then */
461 return gd_rand_double (rand);
467 * gd_rand_double_range:
469 * @begin: lower closed bound of the interval
470 * @end: upper open bound of the interval
472 * Returns the next random #double from @rand_ equally distributed over
473 * the range [@begin..@end).
475 * Returns: a random number
478 gd_rand_double_range (GdRand *rand, double begin, double end)
482 r = gd_rand_double(rand);
484 return r * end - (r - 1) * begin;
488 get_global_random (void)
490 static GdRand *global_random;
492 // called while locked
494 global_random = gd_rand_new();
496 return global_random;
502 * Returns a random #gboolean.
503 * This corresponds to an unbiased coin toss.
505 * Returns: a random #gboolean
510 * Return a random #guint32 equally distributed over the range
513 * Returns: a random number
520 result = gd_rand_int(get_global_random());
526 * gd_random_int_range:
527 * @begin: lower closed bound of the interval
528 * @end: upper open bound of the interval
530 * Returns a random #int equally distributed over the range
533 * Returns: a random number
536 gd_random_int_range (int begin, int end)
540 result = gd_rand_int_range (get_global_random(), begin, end);
548 * Returns a random #double equally distributed over the range [0..1).
550 * Returns: a random number
553 gd_random_double (void)
557 result = gd_rand_double(get_global_random());
563 * gd_random_double_range:
564 * @begin: lower closed bound of the interval
565 * @end: upper open bound of the interval
567 * Returns a random #double equally distributed over the range
570 * Returns: a random number
573 gd_random_double_range (double begin, double end)
577 result = gd_rand_double_range(get_global_random(), begin, end);